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<p> Commissioning and maintenance of CNC lathes for CNC machine tools </ p>
<p> Machine tool debugging </ p>
<p> The machine tool is in place, put it in accordance with the location and position specified by the customer. </ p>
<p> Foot the machine mattress, wipe the machine clean, and adjust the level. </ p>
<p> Fill the hydraulic oil tank, lubricating oil tank and guide rail of the machine tool with the corresponding label and the amount of lubricating oil, and add cutting coolant to the machine tool water tank </ p>
<p> According to the rated power of the machine tool, install the corresponding power supply, and install the voltage stabilizer and the machine ground. </ p>
<p> Debug the forward and reverse rotation of the machine tool spindle, and check whether the switch buttons and functions of the machine tool are normal. </ p>
<p> Precautions for use </ p>
<p> Machine tool operators must be properly trained and qualified personnel. When using machine tools, machine tool operators must read the machine manual and understand the contents before they can operate the machine tool. </ p>
<p> Check whether the cabinet door is closed, whether the lubricating oil and coolant are sufficient, and there should be no foreign objects on or around the machine tool, which hinders the movement of the machine tool. </ p>
<p> Before operating the machine tool, please carefully check the input data to ensure that the specified feed speed is compatible with the desired machine tool operation. If incorrect data is used, or the machine is not operated at the correct speed, the machine tool may occur. Misoperation, causing damage to the workpiece or the machine itself or causing injury to personnel. </ p>
<p> Before the parts are processed, the normal operation of the machine tool must be checked first, and the correct operation of the machine tool should be checked when the workpiece and the tool are not installed on the machine tool. </ p>
<p> When using the tool compensation function, please carefully check the compensation direction and amount of compensation, and use the incorrect data to operate the machine tool. The machine tool may malfunction, which may cause the workpiece or the machine tool itself or even cause personal injury. </ p>
<p> When manually operating the machine tool, confirm the current position of the tool and the workpiece and ensure that the motion axis, direction and feed rate are correctly specified. When the handwheel feeds, rotate the handwheel at a larger magnification, the tool and the table will move quickly, and the handwheel may stop rotating, but the tool and the table will not stop immediately. Big times </ p>
<p> The rate of handwheel movement may cause damage to the tool or machine tool or even personal injury. </ p>
<p> If the machine tool cannot be eliminated, please contact the machine tool supplier. </ p>
<p> Machine tool maintenance </ p>
<p> Often check whether the lubricating oil is sufficient, whether the pipeline is blocked, and whether the lubricating oil and the coolant are dirty, whether they need to be replaced. </ p>
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    Whether the rotation of the turret is smooth, whether there is interference between the installation and removal of the cutter, whether there is damage to the blade tip; whether there is dirt in the cone hole of the tailstock, and whether the cone surface is damaged.
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<p> Check whether the movement of the X and Z axes is smooth, and clean the X and Z travel switches regularly to avoid oil and water and dust, which will affect the use. </ p>
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    Wipe the surface of the machine tool regularly, such as the operation panel and system display; regularly check the electrical cabinet and the entrance and exit lines of the electrical cabinet for dust, and wipe it.
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    Regularly check whether there is any floating dust in the strong electric disk, servo unit, and spindle unit in the electrical cabinet. If there is power, remove it with a brush or a vacuum cleaner when the power is off.
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<p> Check regularly to check whether the spindle fan rotates and whether there is any debris, and remove it if there is, so as not to affect the operation of the spindle. </ p>
<p> Periodically check to see if the relay on the strong power panel is operating normally, and replace it if necessary. </ p>
<p> If the system displays a battery alarm, you should contact the machine tool manufacturer in time and replace it in time. </ p>
<p> First, the basic conditions of CNC machine tool maintenance work </ p>
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    (1) Staff conditions
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    The maintenance and repair of CNC lathes must be fast and targeted, which requires the staff to have certain professional skills, and a sense of responsibility for the work, and the knowledge must be very broad. Otherwise, it can not meet the needs of CNC machine tool repair and maintenance work, enterprises can train technicians to make technicians familiar with
    Control the operation mode of the lathe, understand the basic situation of the fault, master the scientific method, and meet the needs of CNC machine tool repair and maintenance work.
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<p> (2) Material conditions </ p>
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    To repair and repair the CNC lathe, the necessary tools, facilities, equipment and materials must be prepared. Non-essential components must also make the procurement channels unblocked. The necessary CNC machine tool maintenance tools and instruments must not be omitted. The laptop computer must also be equipped with professional software for CNC machine tool maintenance. Also, about
    The complete technical drawings, data, files, etc. in the CNC lathe must also be prepared.
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<p> Second, the daily maintenance of CNC </ p>
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    (1) Staff must standardize operations
    The relevant staff must master and understand the operation mode of the CNC machine tool. During the operation process, carefully read the operation steps and have a comprehensive understanding and understanding of the CNC machine tool. In addition, the department must establish rules and regulations on CNC machine tools, requiring staff to operate in accordance with the specifications, so as to improve the efficiency of use. </ P>
<p> (2) Regular inspection of CNC machine tools </ p>
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    Every day, the cutting fluid, hydraulic oil, lubricating oil, operation panel, slide plate, and hydraulic device pressure gauge must be strictly checked. For the monthly running status of the spindle, the inspection record must also be made so that the case can be checked. According to Ke Yi. In daily maintenance, the main shaft, guide sleeve device, processing equipment
    The motors, motors, etc. should be checked once, and if some devices show signs of aging, they should be replaced. Pay special attention to the machining center during maintenance, because the machining center is the key part. Finally, the surface of the machine tool, switches, tools, etc. must be inspected to prevent damage.
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<p> (3) Clean and maintain CNC machine tools </ p>
<p> Knives and tools cannot be placed on the vehicle surface. Even if they are to be placed, a layer of bed cover must be placed on them and the bed surface must be wiped clean. When not in use, the cleaning and maintenance work of the CNC lathe should also be done to prevent debris and debris from falling into the sliding surface of the guide rail in the CNC lathe, thereby causing damage to the guide rail. </ p>
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    3. Failure analysis
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    (1) Common fault classification
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    In general, failures of CNC machine tools can be classified according to nature, location, cause, and consequence. According to the location of the failure, it can be divided into hardware failure and software failure. Hardware failure refers to the damage of machinery, electronic components, printed circuit boards, connectors and other parts. After such damage occurs,
    The hardware must be replaced. Software faults generally refer to faults generated in the PLC logic control program. This requires technicians to modify and input the data before they can be resolved.
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    (2) Judging the fault
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    There are two kinds of faults, one with indication and one without indication. The current CNC system has diagnostic programs to monitor the software and hardware of the entire system. Once a fault occurs, it will be displayed on the screen immediately. come out. With the diagnosis manual, the fault location and cause can also be found. Without a diagnostic indication
    The fault is basically caused by the imperfection of the above two diagnostic procedures, such as the switch is not closed, the plug is loose, and so on. In addition, failures are divided into two types: destructive failures and non-destructive failures. If they are destructive failures, they will cause damage to the workpiece and cannot be repeated during maintenance. Therefore, they can only be carried out according to the phenomenon of the failure
    Inspection and analysis.
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<p> (3) Troubleshooting methods </ p>
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    1. Intuitive inspection method, which is an indispensable method for fault analysis. It uses the senses to carry out inspections by inquiring, visually, touching, and energizing. This method has many limitations. For example, some technicians rely on their own subjective ideas and experience to make narrow judgments.
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    2. Instrument inspection method, this method is to use conventional electrical instruments to measure the AC, DC power supply voltage and related DC of each group to find out the fault. For example, use a multimeter to check the status of each power supply, or measure the status of related signals set on the circuit board.
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<p> 3. Signal and alarm indication analysis method, install the fault indicator in the CNC system, feed servo system and electrical device, and eliminate the fault by combining the status of the indicator and the corresponding function description and the content of the indication. </ p>
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    4. Interface status check method, integrate PLC in it, form interface signal between CNC and PLC, and connect with each other. Some faults are caused by the forgotten and wrong interface signals. Some of these interface signals can be displayed on the interface board and output board, or can be called out with the PlC programmer.
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    Fourth, CNC machine tool maintenance
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    To repair the fault, we must understand the object of CNC machine tool maintenance in general
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    (1) Power supply
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    In order to prevent the power supply from malfunctioning, these points must be fulfilled when designing the power supply system of the CNC machine tool. Provide an independent power distribution box and do not use it with other equipment; the power supply end must be well grounded; The three-phase power supply must use a three-phase five-wire system, the neutral wire and the ground wire must be separated; inside the electric cabinet
    The electrical components must be properly laid out, and the laying of AC points and DC power must be isolated.
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    (2) Failure of the position loop of the CNC system
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    This kind of fault may be caused by broken components, loss of interface signals, etc., or because the coordinate axis moves without command, or there is too much drift, and the position loop or speed loop is connected as positive feedback. The reason for this may be because the related parameters are no longer in the matching state, so you must restart after troubleshooting
    Make adjustments.
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    (3) The machine tool coordinate cannot find the zero point
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<p> When the machine tool coordinate cannot find the zero point, it may be that the zero direction is very far from the zero point, or the encoder is damaged, so that the grating zero mark is displaced. </ p>
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    (4) Occasional shutdown failure
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    There are two reasons for the occasional shutdown failure. The first is that there is a problem in the software design, which causes a certain combination of certain operations and functional operations to produce a shutdown failure. To solve this problem. Another situation is environmental reasons, such as power grid and weekly
    The interference caused by the side equipment, and the temperature is too high. The temperature is too high, etc. Machine tools in many places are close to the position where the door is open. When the electric cabinet is opened, some dust and dust, water mist, etc. will be generated. To prevent these factors from causing malfunctions, the environment must be improved.
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<p> (5) The dynamic characteristics of the machine tool become worse </ p>
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    When the machining quality of the workpiece declines, it will cause the machine tool to vibrate. This is due to the excessive clearance of the mechanical transmission system and even serious wear and tear. For electrical control systems, it may also be because the relevant parameters are not in the optimal matching position. After the mechanical fault is eliminated, the adjustment should be performed again.
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<p> Five, conclusion </ p>
<p> The causes of failure of CNC machine tools are very different, only to grasp their common characteristics </ p> </ div>